芝麻子叶基因转化受体系统的建立

试验以芝麻栽培种豫芝11号为材料,对子叶丛生芽诱导及植株再生体系以及子叶受体材料对卡那霉素、潮霉素和头孢霉素的天然耐性进行了研究,建立了芝麻子叶基因高频转化受体系统.结果表明,适宜的诱芽培养基为MS+5.0 mg/L 6-BA+1.0 mg/L IAA+5.0 mg/L AgNO3 +1.0 mg/L ABA+3％蔗糖...     

磨盘草不同营养器官中总黄酮和总酚含量测定

分别以芦丁和没食子酸为对照品，测定了磨盘草不同营养器官（根、茎、叶）中总黄酮和总酚的含量。结果表明，磨盘草叶、茎、根中总黄酮含量分别为1．96％、1．20％、o．78％，总酚含量分别为8．61％、6．03％、4．31％。     

芝麻核心种质芝麻素和芝麻酚林的关联分析

本研究选用来源我国黄河流域至长江流域8省215份芝麻核心种质材料,对其种子中芝麻素(sesamin)和芝麻酚林(sesamolin)含量进行测定,芝麻素平均值5.24mg/g,变异范围为0.88～11.05mg/g,变异系数38.56％,芝麻酚林平均值3.30mg/g,变异范围为0.93～6.96mg/g,变异系数22.68％,二者均符合正态分布,且相关分析表明两者间呈极显著正相关;采用标记-性状关联分析法,进行芝麻素和芝麻酚林与SSR、SRAP、AFLP 标记的关联分析。利用GLM模型共检测到33个标记与芝麻素和芝麻酚林极显著(P<0.01)关联,同时与两种成分显著关联的有4个,利用MLM模型共检测到8个显著关联的标记,同时与两种成分显著关联的也有4个,其中SSR标记SSI182-3在两种模型中同时极显著关联到芝麻素和芝麻酚林,且解释率较高。该研究将为芝麻功能性成分遗传改良和分子标记研究奠定重要基础。     

豫东芝麻田不同茎叶除草剂应用效果研究

[目的]研究3种除草剂对芝麻田杂草的防除效果.[方法]通过在豫芝11号芝麻上喷施苯达松、镰锄、高效盖草能,研究各药剂对芝麻田杂草的防除效果以及对芝麻生长性能的影响.[结果]镰锄和高效盖草能对狗尾草的鲜重防效最好均为100％,苯达松对苘麻、马齿苋、莎草、野苋菜的鲜重防效分别为100％、100％、67.10％、85.54％.苯达松造成芝麻药害,其他除草剂均安全.[结论]综合考虑,以高效盖草能作为芝麻田除草剂效果较好.     

Genetic variations of isozymes in cultivated sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Patterns of variation for seven enzyme systems were studied in 68 accessions of cultivated sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), 12 from Japan, 15 from Korea and 41 from Thailand. Only one enzyme system, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), of these exhibited variation. The IDH isozymes were shown to be controlled by a single locus (Idh) with two alleles. The two alleles were widely distributed in the accessions from the three countries. As few gene markers which have simple genetic control are available in sesame, these IDH isozymes could contribute to a range of studies in the breeding and genetics of sesame. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetic relationships of sesame germplasm collection as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeats

Inter‐simple sequence repeats (ISSR) polymorphism was used to determine genetic relationships among 75 Sesamum indicum L. accessions of Korean and exotic sesame. Fourteen reliable ISSR primers were selected for the assessment of genetic diversity, yielding 79 amplification products. Of these polymerase chain reaction products, 33% revealed polymorphism among the 75 accessions. Genetic distances ranged from 0 to 0.255, with a mean genetic distance of 0.0687. The 75 accessions were divided into seven groups on the basis of unweighted pair‐group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis. The largest group consisted of 25 Korean cultivars, eight Korean breeding lines and 17 world‐wide accessions. The other groups included 25 accessions, several of which contained useful traits. The dendrogram did not indicate any clear division among sesame accessions based on their geographical origin. However, all Korean sesame cultivars except ‘Namsankkae’ were clustered in the same group, indicating a narrow gene pool. Some of the Korean breeding lines were spread along the dendrogram, showing enlargement of genetic diversity. The genetic diversity data uncovered in this study can be used in future breeding programmes.     

Natural Cross-Pollination in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

Three sesame genotypes with contrasting characters were grown in alternate rows to estimate the degree of natural cross-pollination (NCP) at two locations. Capsules from the lower (first-formed five capsules), upper (last five fully-developed capsules) and middle portions were harvested separately and the frequency of appearance of progenies with dominant markers was used as the criterion for NCP. The degree of inter-genotypic NCP was similar in the three genotypes and at the two locations (4.02—5.10 % NCP) when the total number of hybrid seeds per plant was considered. The lower portion of the early (1.03—1.31 % NCP) and medium (1.51—2.08%) flowering genotypes and the upper portion of the late-flowering genotype (2.27—2.49 % NCP) recorded less NCP than the total plant. The NCP in the lower portion of the early-flowering genotype due to pollen from the late-flowering genotype was negligible (0—0.7 %). The results indicate the need for controlled self-pollination for purity maintenance in sesame. However, contamination due to NCP can be reduced by sampling seeds from the lower capsules of early and medium-flowering genotypes and from the upper capsules of late-maturing genotypes when pollination control is not practised.     

Plant position effect on seed weight,oil content,and oil composition in sesame

Summary Within-plant variation was studied in seed samples of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Central and lateral capsules were sampled in three entries. Three capsule postions-basal (nodes 16 to 20), intermediate (nodes 21 to 25), and apical (nodes 26 to 30)-were sampled in four other entries. Nuclear magnetic resonance and gas liquid chromatography were used to characterize within-and among-plants variation in the same genotype for oil content and its fatty acid composition, respectively.Central capsules had heavier seeds, and their oil had more palmitic and oleic acids than had seeds from the two lateral capsules. However, central capsules had seeds with less oil content, and the oil had less stearic, linoleic, and arachidic acids than seeds from lateral capsules. Seed weight and arachidic acid were found to be constant in seeds from capsules located at different nodes along the plant. Oil content had a significant variation with capsule position along the plant in only one entry. Percentages of palmitic and linoleic acids were lower, and those of stearic, oleic, and linolenic acids were higher in seeds from the apical capsules. In almost all cases, capsules located in the intermediate and basal sections had a similar oil composition. However, there was a lack of consistency in the within-plant variation from plant to plant for the different traits studied. It was concluded that within-plant variation need be taken into account only if the experiment was set up to detect small differences between treatments. Among-plants variation was found to be influenced by plant genotype.     

Breeding for the improvement of the ideal plant type of sesame

The objective of this study was to improve the ideal type of sesame, by performing pedigree selection applied to segregating generations of crosses of genotypes with contrasting characters. In the segregating F₂ population, the progeny were classified into eight types according to the combinations of carpel number per capsule, capsule number per axil and branching habit. Progeny of individual F₂ plants including a particular type were advanced to the F₆ generation. It was possible to improve the lines with eight types at the end of the selection process. Some types, especially bicarpels, monocapsule, branch (BMB) and bicarpels, tricapsules, branch (BTB), were considered as ideal plant types in breeding for high‐yielding varieties. While the low‐yielding type quadricarpels, tricapsules, non‐branch (QTN) was the highest in oil content (49.3%), the high‐yielding type BMB was the lowest (43.2%), Although the QTN‐type had the lowest content of oleic acid (41.3%) and the highest content of linoleic acid (43.1 %), the bicarpels, monocapsule, non‐branch (BMN) type had the highest content of oleic acid (48.4%) and the lowest content of linoleic acid (36.6%), Total tocopherol varied between 175.6 and 368.9 mg/kg in the seed oil of the sesame types. The best high‐yielding type BMB was one of the types containing less tocopherol.     

芝麻配合力分析

由3个芝麻雄性不育系,3个外引品种和1个当地品种组成7×7半双列杂交,进行配合力测定.结果以丹巴格和巴·辛道斯的gca最好,ms—2×86—1产量最高,其次是ms—2×丹巴格和ms—1×豫芝1号,这些组合的综合性状的sca效应值也高.试验结果认为,两个gca都好的品种配制的组合,其性状的sca方差不一定就高.理想的组合应考虑双亲在亲缘和地理起源方面的差异,以及亲本之一具有高的gca效应值和组合的综合性状具有特定的组合能力.